To gift-¼á, the sacred Buddhist, twenty eighth both last hindu patriarch and the first Chinese patriarch. Its true name the Dharma; on-¬¿Ôá®ß¬¿ "Tamo"; the son of fine Indian king. To 520 n. e. It has gone to China to distribute the Buddhism. Oriental combat sports have the purpose domination above the opponent in real fight. However full expression of this art consists in harmony "Physical" ("material") and "Spiritual" has begun, which has been checked up by practice during many years. About 1400 years ago, to Gift-¼á, the founder the Zen - the Buddhism in India; has distributed the Buddhism in China. Creation of these bojtsovskih arts has been based on supervision over ways of protection of animals. Some racks, such, for example, as, "Kaku" (a rack of a crane on one leg), it is possible to find in kata "Gankaku". Methods of training to Gift-¼á were so exacting, that many of its pupils could not sustain trainings up to the end. And as consequence of it, to Gift-¼á has invented more progressive system of trainings which it has stated in works Sutra; ekkin-¬¿« ("Ekkin" means "to strengthen"; "kio" - " the written book "). " Ekkin - kio " Gift-¼á can consider as the first source of technics of single combat. Physical trainings in a combination to these philosophical principles were taught in a monastery of a temple a Shaolin in 500 n. e. (the Shaolin can be written also "SHorin"), the name therefrom has gone: SHorindzhi - Kempo, denominated new styles, such as Thaw - chi, Kung - fu, etc. Under influence of monks of a Shaolin in China methods of unaided struggle, especially in those disciplines have quickly extended, where tendencies of philosophy and health prevailed (Thaw - chi; CHi - Kong).
Skill of teaching has extended on archipelago of islands Rju - Kju, including the basic island Okinawa. So, teaching "Kempo" has extended in Japan. This influence is traced in a southern direction; on islands Kyushus; Taiwan. That's it it " Chinese karate " has been transformed to a way of the natural struggle, named Okinawa - te (the Hand of Okinawa) which subsequently has proved to more effective and accomplished, than self-defense. The first period of transformation karate on about. Okinawa has begun approximately 500 years ago, when governor Hashi from dynasty SHo tsentraliziroval island possession of archipelago Rju - Kju. With a view of maintenance of the authority, without a special military support, emperor Hashi has published the decree according to which any possession of the weapon was considered illegal. And here therefore methods of unaided struggle began to accustom quickly, and confidential (secret) trainings " Okinawa - Te " have transformed this kind of struggle into dangerous employment. Nearby 1600 n. e. Japanese governor Satsuma has won unaided kingdom Hashi. In 1609 the Japanese conqueror, being afraid of revolt, has forbidden to inhabitants to have any there was a weapon. It was an incitement to the second revival karate on Okinawa.
Per 1664 on island Okinawa there has arrived the attache on culture Koshokun with the Chinese pupils and has begun the activity. It has invented kata (a way of behaviour in prospective fight) which it has left in the inheritance to inhabitants of island. Having inherited a name of the author, kata "Kushanku" it is taught at modern schools Shotokan under the name " Kanku - give ". It was favourite kata master Funakoshi who has named it "Kanku" that means " to see nonexistence " or " to look in the sky ". The first mention concerns To 1735 in historical sources about Chinese influence on karate (" Oshima - Hikki ", that means " great island "). In particular, in the book it is mentioned, that one person by name Sakugava has visited China, has studied there karate and has returned to Okinawa to share the knowledge and skills. Soon and other Chinese representatives have arrived to Okinawa. The most known among them were: Vajshingtsan, Willows and Ason. Ason has limited number of the pupils, the most outstanding from which were Master Tomigjusjuka. At that time it shone, and on change to it went young Funakoshi.
On island Okinawa there were three basic settlements: SHuri, Naha and Tomari. From here three various doctrines are traced: SHuri - Te (hand SHuri), headed by master Ito-su, Naha - Te (a hand naha), headed by master Higashionna, Tomari - Te (hand Tomari), headed by master Matsumura. It were rudiments of schools and styles which in a consequence have generated a competition between them. Not casually Gichin Funakoshi has replaced an old hieroglyph "Tode" (" the Chinese hand ") on "karate" (" an empty hand "). about., it has finally given karate the Japanese authenticity. Much more later in Japan 2 other schools have arisen: first SHito - Rjui, then Godzju - Rju. It is possible to consider this moment origin of schools " ɯ¿ ". Some karatekas have made changes and have created schools: Vado - Rjui, SHjutokaj, etc. SHito - Rju takes for a basis instinctive efficiency. Godzju - Rju is more inclined to the nature, fauna, a combination of force and flexibility. Vado - Rju offers the classical style of behaviour based on harmony, flexibility and subterfuge. SHotokan - Rjui symbolizes speed and force. First its founder Gishin Funakoshi "has impregnated" with its Japanese single combats (katana; dzhi - dzhitsu and so forth); further its devoted pupils have brought the contribution (Hironishi and Egami); then son Funakoshi - Joshitaka Funakoshi has enriched this school with new positions (Kiba - summer residences, fudo - summer residences and so forth) and new receptions (joko - geri, mavashi - geri).
Dzigaro Kano, the founder a judo holding at that time a high post in the Ministry of Education; has been amazed by performance Gichina. Funakoshi there and then invite to prepare demonstration performances karate in Kodokan in Tokyo. Gichin bases performance in kata, namely in Najhanchi (was Tekki). In the age of 53 years Funakoshi stops teaching activity, leaving the wife and children on Okinawa (hoping, that they will move later) to be based in Tokyo. Not having any sources of the income, Gichin works konserzhem in a board for students from about. Okinawa. At the same time it cleans a board and receives in the arrangement small komnatku where starts to teach karate. In the beginning of pupils at it was a little, but in 2 years their number has increased so, that the premise for employment karate became too little. Per 1924 Funakoshi writes the first book and names it " Rjukju Kempo Karate " (karate - boxing Rjukju). Then its second book named " Rentan Karate Dzjuttsu " (" technics karate, strengthening and protection ") is born. In 30 years national current has captured Japan. And all that concerns China, meets furious repulse in Japan. Gichin, feeling such changes, decides to outstrip events, having renamed ideogrammu "Tode" (designated: " the Chinese hand ") in karate (" an empty hand "). Having thought, Funakoshi adds a word "Up to" ("way"). Many on Okinawa subsequently will accuse Funakoshi of change of a position, in renunciation of the roots. But the history has presented lesson Gichinu Funakoshi, and later all experts karate will accept this terminology. Henceforth karate it is finally recognized by a separate part in culture Budo.
In process of development karate training hall Funakoshi became close. At this particular time Hakuda Nakajama, known master Kendo, suggests Funakoshi to use for trainings the hall at free o'clock. So 7 years while Funakoshi has not found the small house with a garden in which it has established a wooden flooring where spent trainings proceeded. Next year it manages to lease and socle the next house where Funakoshi equips a training hall. In 1938 many pupils suggest Funakoshi to construct a sports hall. Funakoshi agrees and names it "SHotokan" (house SHoto, a pseudonym which Gichin used for the verses). Unfortunately, this sports hall has been destroyed during world war. Since 1938 Funakoshi enters system of degrees, taking a basis from a judo and basing it on Kju and Danah. It also empowers the most senior pupil to teach the university program from each group.
Shortly from it its third son Joshitaka became the follower of business of the father in teaching fighting art. The care and maintenance of a training hall subsequently is necessary to it. Painful from a birth, but owing to inconceivable efforts above itself Joshitaka became the master in the art. Owing to youthful maximalism it introduces the changes in SHotokan which the father not always welcomed. Joshitaka stands up more for powerful and dynamical technics, not belittling thus flexible style of battle. Under influence of many pupils (one of which is sensej Nakajama), Joshitaka Funakoshi decides to include in training exercise on free fight, and also some new receptions by a leg, such as: mavashi - geri and joko - geri. During one meeting (fight) with practising style Godzju - Rju Joshitaka and many of its pupils have sufferred a huge failure. After that Joshitaka comes back in Tokyo and develops style of free struggle, following technical and strategic criteria, improving efficiency. Organizing duels with other pupils, representatives of different styles, Joshitaka checks in practice efficiency of the style of teaching. Gichin Funakoshi does not converge in opinions with the son, t. To. The way on which develops karate at all does not suit the father. After 1945 in the age of 77 years Funakoshi decides to come back on about. Okinawa, leaving SHotokan to the son.
Having deep Indian roots, karate has arisen in China, in a temple a Shaolin. Only in 15 century karate has arisen in Japan, on island Okinawa, having nevertheless the Chinese influence. Since 19 centuries 3 styles began to be allocated: SHuri - Te; Tomari - Te and Naha - Te. During centuries the technics and styles of teaching of great masters were constantly improved, reaching heights in harmony of a body and spirit. Sokon Matsumura (1797-1883) - has based the first school karate under influence of style " SHuri - Te ", became the follower of doctrines of masters Sakugavy and Ivaha. Anko Itotsu (1830-1915) - it consider as the father modern karate which has increased traditions of style " SHuri - Te ". Its pedagogical contribution to development karate is invaluable. Has entered the teaching into programs of schools and universities of Japan. Kanrio Higaonna (1853-1915) - it was trained in style " Naha - Te " at master Sesho Arakaki. Has created own school " óÒ-ÞÒ " (after long stay in China). Has rendered significant influence on the future masters. Gichin Funakoshi (1868-1957) - the founder of school " SHotokan - Rju ". Most known of masters. Has played the basic role in distribution karate. Has given rise to style " Karate - up to " (a way of a hand). Enva Mabuni (1889-1953) - the founder of school " SHito - Rju ". There was the pupil of master Itotsu Naha Te. Hironori Otsuka (1892-1982) - the founder of school " Vado - Rjui ", occuring from "SHotokan". Was the pupil of master Funakoshi. SHosun Mijagi (1888-1958) - the founder of school " Godzju - Rju ", tested the big influence of styles " SHuri - Te " and " Naha - Te ". Tejdzhi Kase (1929-2004) - the founder of school " SHotokan Kase Ha ".
Born in Japan on February, 9th, 1929 sensay T.Kase one of unique masters ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to. Was married, had two daughters. It has devoted the most part of a life to employment and teaching ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to. Tejdzhi Kase began to be engaged ñº¯-up to from 6 years. Has received 2-nd it is given on ñº¯-up to in 1944 In same to year in library to it on eyes casually the book " ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to Kihon " sensay Gichina Funakoshi has got. Having got acquainted with Gichinom Funakoshi, Kase in pjatnadtsatiletnem age accept as the pupil in "SHotokan" dodze. At this time it was engaged simultaneously ñº¯-up to and ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to. It has already received 3-rd is given on ñº¯-up to when has left employment since ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to it has completely carried away. It was engaged a little ᮬ¿-up to and even has got acquainted personally with Moriheem Uesiboj, the founder of this art and with Noriaki Inou, teacher Ajki-do Shigeru Egami. In the end of March, 1945 in the age of 16 years, it has entered the name in the Japanese marine sea fleet special division "kamikadze". But war has ended in August of the same year. Tejdzhi Kase has received the diploma of economic sciences of university Senshu in March, 1951 When war came to an end, dodze "SHotokan" has been destroyed because of bombardments, and has died Joshitaka Funakoshi (1906-1945). In 1946 T.Kase has received 1-st is given on ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to and in 1949, being the captain of University Senshu, it receives 3-rd is given. Master Tejdzhi Kase has joined to JKA (Japanese Association Karate) to devote itself to professional teaching. Being the ÞÝõ-instructor in the Europe, it kept in touch with masters N.K.S. (Nihon ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to SHotokaj), in spite of the fact that these groups JKA and N.K.S. Were separated from each other after death Gichina Funakoshi because of a plenty of disagreements. There was normal that master Kase supported this communication since first of its main instructors was Genshin Hironishi (1913-1999), the ÞÝõ-instructor dodze "SHotokan" and president Shotokaj of Japan after death Egami (1912-1981) and to the death in December, 1999. The greater friendship has connected it with Dzhotaru Takagi, present president N.K.S. It supports individual contacts during the trips to Japan with Okujjama Tadao. In Japan one of its problems was training instructors JKA kumite. Among them there were Enoeda, Eyes, SHiraj and many other things. We shall note also one more side of its activity less known, it should be ready to the calls thrown against JKA. During post-war time (1945-1952) when Japan was under the control of the American police, there were many skirmishes from which it has come out the winner and the owner of a wide experience of real fight. Per 1964 it has left from Japan to teach in other countries and continents. Per 1964 it has lead 3 months in Southern Africa. In 1965 it taught in J.Afrike together with teachers Kanazawa, Enoeda and SHirai and has carried out in same to year tour with seminars to the USA and Germany. Since October 1965 till March 1966 it has carried out the same tour to Holland and Belgium. Has then gone to France and has lodged eventually in Paris. In 1986 T.Kase has decided to close the dodze in Paris and to light only prepodovaniju the art in the World. It has published in 80th years two books including 18 maximum kata and 5 hjana kata with application of these main technical sequences kata. In 1989 it has based in a place from H.Shirai WKSA - World Academy Shotokan Karate which president it was. In 1999 its first pupils A.Boutboul and K.Dode create IKS " the International organization ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to SHotokan Kase Ha " which honourable president there is their teacher. The problem of the new organization is education of black belts and professionals ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to. Sensay Kase dominated over all karate, but first of all causes interest to its person, its efficiency and its manner to bind the most thin aspects budo and karate. T.Kase has died on November, 24th, 2004 in Paris.
In August, 1963 it debuted in prestigious club karate, was in the house 34 along the street de lja Montan Sent - ZHenevev in the fifth quarter of Paris. Oderzhimyj this kind of the sports, very capable pupil; it excellent receives the first It is given two years later in December, 1965 becomes the participant of modular France in February, 1966 at competitions between France and the Great Britain in " the Crystal London palace ". Its first teacher Joshinao Nambu was the champion of Japan and practised very much on-n»«¡ß¬¿ severe trainings, such what were spent by the Japanese teachers. So proceeded up to 1967 when T.Kaze has arrived to France. A.Boutboul becomes the diligent pupil of master Kaze, with which it subsequently not rasstanetsja. It visits the closed employment of Master Kaze with 1967 for 1970 together with Gi Desno. For outstanding successes it have selected for a trip to Japan per 1969 to fight professionally and to challenge kik - to boxers in Korakuen (a palace of sports in Tokyo). In 1969 the group of master Kaze has disagreed with Federation. A.Boutboul decides to leave structure of modular France and follows the teacher. In 1971 A.Bouboul becomes the first secretary general of association T. Kaze. It for a minute does not stop the trainings and during training everywhere follows the teacher. First of all, A.Boutboul is an excellent fighter, and practice of master Kaze has allowed it to perfect technics in spirit of its teaching by master Kaze. It always liked to speak: " Advantage ¬áÓáÔÝ-up to consists in its efficiency, instead of in an aesthetics; t. To. The karateka possessing bojtsovskim spirit, can be improved in technics. Other variants are impossible ". In 1996 A.Boubolu has been appropriated 7 given. From the sanction senseja Kaze A. Bouboul distributes its experience worldwide. In 2005 it is appropriated 8 DAN.
Kamil Dode.
